linus pauling vitamin c, lysine protocol

(PubMed), 49. Lp(a) is a "sticky bandage" within coronary arteries that may induce blood clots when vitamin C/lysine blood levels are low (9). Ascorbate increases human oxaluria and kidney stone risk. The effect of vitamin therapy on the progression of coronary artery atherosclerosis varies by haptoglobin type in postmenopausal women. Vitamin C is concentrated in the brain through a combination of active transport into brain tissue and retention via the blood-brain barrier (100). Therefore, the Linus Pauling Institute's intake recommendation of 400 mg/day of vitamin C for generally healthy adults takes into account the currently available epidemiological, biochemical, and clinical evidence, while acknowledging the extremely low toxicity of vitamin C and the incomplete information regarding optimum intake. Linus Pauling Institute Dixit S, Bernardo A, Walker JM, et al. A 2014 meta-analysis of 44 randomized controlled trials in subjects with or without chronic diseases summarized the effect of supplemental vitamin C on endothelial function by measuring FMD (19 studies), assessing forearm blood flow (20 studies), or by pulse wave analysis (5 trials) (39). A 2012 meta-analysis of 29 trials found no effect of oral vitamin C, given alone or in combination with other antioxidants, on all-cause mortality (127). Eur J Cancer Prev. Michels AJ, Hagen TM, Frei B. Vitamin C also participates in redox recycling of other important antioxidants; for example, vitamin C is known to regenerate vitamin E from its oxidized form (see the article on Vitamin E). (PubMed), 39. If you suffer from an acute deficiency of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) and other nutrients, your body stops producing collagen. 1999;18(2):166-170. In order to overcome such limitations, some prospective studies measured plasma or serum concentrations of vitamin C as a more reliable index of vitamin C intake and biomarker of body vitamin C status. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in more than 14,000 older men participating in the Physicians Health Study II (PHS II) found that vitamin C supplementation (500 mg/day) for an average of eight years had no significant effect on the incidence of or mortality from any type of stroke (53). Vitamin E and C supplementation and risk of cancer in men: posttrial follow-up in the Physicians' Health Study II randomized trial. Myint PK, Luben RN, Welch AA, Bingham SA, Wareham NJ, Khaw KT. Since the antioxidants were taken together in this trial, the individual contribution of vitamin C cannot be determined. 1998;68(5):309-315. Oregon State University, Updated in January 2006 by: The Linus Pauling Institute's Micronutrient Information Center provides scientific information on the health aspects of dietary factors and supplements, food . You may not copy, modify, distribute, display, transmit, perform, publish or sell any of the copyrightable material on this website. 1. Nonetheless, vitamin C supplementation led to a 36% lower risk of placental abruption and to a significant increase in gestational age at birth (88). Arthritis Res Ther. Cognition in MCI and Alzheimer's disease: baseline data from a longitudinal study of the NTB. (PubMed), 47. There is little evidence that the flavonoids in most commercial preparations increase the bioavailability or efficacy of vitamin C (187). 2017;71(12):1371-1380. Chen GC, Lu DB, Pang Z, Liu QF. Specific measures of functions stimulated by vitamin C include cellular motility (10), chemotaxis(10, 11), and phagocytosis(11). Overall, an inverse association between fruit and vegetable intake and risk of NHL was observed. 2010;103(9):1251-1259. Linus Pauling and Matthias Rath first presented their lipoprotein-a theory of arterial disease in 1990. Molecular Biology of the Cell. BMC Ophthalmol. 2015(9):Cd004072. 2008;35(9):1853-1858. Cancer Cell. A vitamin C deficiency equals a collagen deficiency. Physiological availability of dehydro-L-ascorbic acid and palmitoyl-L-ascorbic acid. Jane Higdon, Ph.D. 2014;5:e1083. Gastric Cancer. Wei L, Liang G, Cai C, Lv J. (PubMed), 129. Eur J Clin Nutr. Br J Nutr. European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Levine M, Padayatty SJ. 307 Linus Pauling Science Center (PubMed), 99. Recall Matthias Rath and Linus Pauling's finding that lysine + vitamin C prevents Lipoprotein(a), a cholesterol-like particle, from forming within coronary arteries via its ability to take the place of Lp(a). Kitsantas P, Christopher KE. Dr. Ward Dean, MD answered 5 years ago. Al-Khudairy L, Flowers N, Wheelhouse R, et al. (PubMed), 122. You can achieve a higher volume [concentration] in the blood by a larger intake, but you get much better improvement for the first 250 mg than for additional grams." (PubMed), 144. (PubMed), 187. One supplement, Ester-C, contains mainly calcium ascorbate and includes small amounts of the vitamin C metabolites, dehydroascorbic acid (oxidized ascorbic acid), calcium threonate, and trace amounts of xylonate and lyxonate. Roswall N, Olsen A, Christensen J, et al. Wang L, Sesso HD, Glynn RJ, et al. (PubMed), 159. J Am Coll Nutr. 2018;22(1):70. Myocardial reperfusion injury: Reperfusion injury refers to tissue damage occurring at the time of blood flow restoration (reperfusion) following transient ischemia. After 14 years of follow-up, it was found that men who consumed 1,000 mg/day of vitamin C had a 41% higher risk of kidney stones compared to men consuming <90 mg of vitamin C daily. (PubMed), 132. Amelioration of persistent left ventricular function impairment through increased plasma ascorbate levels following myocardial infarction. The heart muscle may become oxygen-deprived (ischemic) as the result of myocardial infarction or with aortic clamping during coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Austria R, Semenzato A, Bettero A. If you wish to check foods for their vitamin C content, search USDA's FoodData Central. Reiss GR, Werness PG, Zollman PE, Brubaker RF. In this case, vitamin C is esterified to the saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid, resulting in a fat-soluble form of vitamin C. Ascorbyl palmitate has been added to a number of skin creams due to interest in its antioxidant properties, as well as its importance in collagen synthesis (see the separate article, Vitamin C and Skin Health) (188). Gao P, Zhang H, Dinavahi R, et al. Am J Clin Nutr. Linus Pauling Heart Disease Prevention with Vitamin C (PubMed), 112. Linus Pauling, Ph.D. (1901-1994), was the only person ever to win two unshared Nobel prizes. Yet, plasma concentrations of vitamin C 50 mol/L are sufficient to saturate muscle tissue vitamin C. There is also some limited evidence suggesting that individuals who carry certain polymorphisms in genes involved in vitamin C transport and detoxification mechanisms may have lower plasma vitamin C concentrations even with high vitamin C intakes (see also Vascular complications of diabetes mellitus) (reviewed in 27). Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials that have tested the effect of vitamin C supplementation (alone or in combination with other antioxidant nutrients) on cancer incidence or mortality have shown no effect (64). The Therapy: Vitamin C, Lysine and Proline The form of vitamin C recommended by Dr. Linus Pauling is pure pharmaceutical grade ascorbic acid: - Not buffered. 2007;12(3):230-238. Antioxidants for Alzheimer disease: a randomized clinical trial with cerebrospinal fluid biomarker measures. PaulingTherapy.com - Reversing Heart Disease w/o Drugs is Possible 2002;56(1):53-56. (PubMed), 160. Prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia in the US general population: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2008. (PubMed), 146. Vitamin C Foundation Approved Cardio-C (Pauling-therapy) drink mix provides Linus Pauling's specific vitamin C and lysine. Sensitivity to vitamin C may also be determined by the expression of sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter-2 (SVCT-2), which transports vitamin C into cells (173). Annu Rev Nutr. Johansen JS, Harris AK, Rychly DJ, Ergul A. Oxidative stress and the use of antioxidants in diabetes: linking basic science to clinical practice. Fruit, vegetable and vitamin C intakes and plasma vitamin C: cross-sectional associations with insulin resistance and glycaemia in 9-10 year-old children. In another AD mouse model that was lacking the ability to synthesize vitamin C, supplementation with a high versus low dose of vitamin C reduced amyloid deposition in the cortex and hippocampus and limited blood-brain barrier impairments and mitochondrial dysfunction (99). 1993;57(2):213-217. The role of vitamin C as a cofactor is also related to its redox potential. A nested case-control study in the EPIC study found a 45% lower risk of gastric cancer incidence in individuals in the highest (51 mol/L) versus lowest (<29 mol/L) quartile of plasma vitamin C concentration; no association was observed between dietary vitamin C intake and gastric cancer (73). Eur Urol. Sodium ascorbate provides 111 mg of sodium (889 mg of ascorbic acid) per 1,000 mg of sodium ascorbate, and calcium ascorbate generally provides 90 to 110 mg of calcium (890-910 mg of ascorbic acid) per 1,000 mg of calcium ascorbate. Overall, observational prospective cohort studies have reported no or modest inverse associations between vitamin C intake and the risk of developing a given type of cancer(37, 61-63). Pal J, Sanal MG, Gopal GJ. 1999;281(15):1415-1423. Clean Arteries - How to Remove Plaque from Arteries Naturally BMC Complement Altern Med. Of note, a subgroup analysis in one of the meta-analyses showed a reduction of post-operative atrial fibrillation with vitamin C in non US-based trials (10 trials) but no effect of vitamin C in US-based trials (5 trials) (140). Three Arterial Cleansing Regimens - Knowledge of Health Authors' perspective: What is the optimum intake of vitamin C in humans? Zhu Y, Pandya BJ, Choi HK. 2012;37(1):4-16. (PubMed), 20. (PubMed), 181. The anticancer mechanism of intravenous vitamin C action is under investigation. Saag KG, Choi H. Epidemiology, risk factors, and lifestyle modifications for gout. Retrospective in vitro colony formation assays revealed that patient leukemic cells displayed variable sensitivity to vitamin C treatment: leukemic cells from seven out of the nine patients who experienced a significant clinical benefit were sensitive to vitamin C in vitro (i.e., "responders"); the leukemic cells from the remaining six patients were not sensitive to vitamin C (i.e., "non-responders"). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. (PubMed), 46 Knekt P, Ritz J, Pereira MA, et al. Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) is available in many forms, but there is little scientific evidence that any one form is better absorbed or more effective than another. Lysine also prevents collagen-digesting enzymes from destroying collagen. Reports since 1991 indicate that the Pauling Therapy works as a cure by itself, but in theory, Pauling's protocol makes an ideal oral adjunct to EDTA Chelation therapy and other more conventional therapies for all forms of cardiovascular disease, except intra . 177. JAMA. There is no scientific evidence that large amounts of vitamin C (up to 10 grams [g]/day in adults) exert any adverse or toxic effects. Approximately one-half of the cell lines tested were resistant to vitamin C cytotoxicity, a response associated with high levels of catalase activity. At this time, avoidance of vitamin C deficiency or insufficiency, rather than supplementation in replete individuals, seems prudent for the promotion of healthy brain aging (101). Effect of vitamins C and E on insulin resistance in diabetes: a meta-analysis study. The distribution of ascorbic acid between various cellular components of blood, in normal individuals, and its relation to the plasma concentration. Depletion and reaccumulation. Nutrients. Plasma and dietary vitamin C levels and risk of gastric cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-EURGAST). Environ Health Perspect. Pauling Recommendation | Linus Pauling Institute | Oregon State University 2001;357(9257):657-663. 2005;4:5. 2018;10:18. (PubMed), 25. Calcium ascorbate: Calcium ascorbate generally provides 90-110 mg of calcium (890-910 mg of ascorbic acid) per 1,000 mg of calcium ascorbate. Montvale: Thomson Reuters; 2008. 2013;72(1):139-146. 2016;5(2):94-100. The dietary fructose: vitamin C intake ratio is associated with hyperuricemia in African-American adults. Juraschek SP, Guallar E, Appel LJ, Miller ER, 3rd. Hansen SN, Tveden-Nyborg P, Lykkesfeldt J. In addition, hypovitaminosis C is common in critically ill patients, especially in those with septic shock, and persists despite enteral/parenteral nutritional therapy providing recommended amounts of vitamin C (152). 1994;151(4):834-837. (PubMed), 162. Notably, intravenous administration of vitamin C bypasses absorptive control in the intestine such that very high concentrations of vitamin C can be achieved in the plasma; within a few hours, renal excretion restores vitamin C to baseline plasma concentrations (see Cancer Treatment) (25). Lancet Glob Health. Am J Epidemiol. The measurement of brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is often used as a functional marker of endothelial function; FMD values are inversely correlated with the risk of future cardiovascular events (38). 1999;281(24):2289-2293. Finally, no significant effect of vitamin C supplementation (1-8 g/day) was observed in therapeutic trials in which vitamin C was administered after cold symptoms occurred. Although observational studies suggested that supplemental vitamin C may be helpful to prevent incident and recurrent gout, this has not been demonstrated by intervention studies undertaken thus far. Making sense of early high-dose intravenous vitamin C in ischemia/reperfusion injury. Potentiation of in vitro and in vivo lymphocyte responses.

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