hypokalemia nursing diagnosis

During the treatment, however, low potassium may result due to the administration of insulin. 4. Diuretics (water retention relievers) Excessive laxative use. Determine cardiovascular status.Heart dysrhythmias can result from an excess or deficit of potassium that disrupts the normal electric transmission of signals responsible for heart (myocardium) contraction. Here are some nursing interventions for patients with hyperkalemia: 1. Your kidneys control your body's potassium levels, allowing for excess . We and our partners share information on your use of this website to help improve your experience. 1. Because of their increased risk of developing hyperkalemia, patients with underlying renal dysfunction merit special attention.22, Severe hyperkalemia (more than 6.5 mEq per L [6.5 mmol per L]) can cause muscle weakness, ascending paralysis, heart palpitations, and paresthesias. 1386-1388). Repeat measurement of serum potassium can help identify pseudohyperkalemia, which is common and typically results from potassium moving out of cells during or after sample collection.31 Other laboratory studies include measurement of serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, measurement of urine electrolytes and creatinine, and assessment of acid-base status. Instruct the client in the use of potassium-containing salts or salt substitutes, and taking potassium supplements safely.Prevention of hyperkalemia can be managed with diet, supplements, and other medications. Nursing diagnosis:- Potential for dysrrythmia r/t hyperkalemia. Indications for urgent treatment include severe or symptomatic hypokalemia or hyperkalemia; abrupt changes in potassium levels; electrocardiography changes; or the presence of certain comorbid conditions. Hypokalemia | Definition & Patient Education - Healthline The normal blood potassium level is 3.5 5.0 mEq/L. Clinical manifestations of hypokalemia are typically seen only if the serum potassium is <3.0 mEq/L. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier. Short-term goal: By the end of the shift the patient will be able to list a few foods high in potassium. The bodys muscles depend highly on potassium level to function adequately. [Twitter moment] Retrieved from. Including the client in the plan of care elicits participation. Nursing Diagnosis (hypokalemia)-help? - allnurses You have entered an incorrect email address! Hypokalemia. Intravenous calcium should be administered if hyperkalemic ECG changes are present. Significant leukocytosis (> 75,000 cells per mm, Acute kidney injury/chronic kidney disease, Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers, Calcium chloride, 10 mL of 10% solution IV over 5 to 10 minutes, or calcium gluconate, 30 mL of 10% solution IV over 5 to 10 minutes, Stabilizes cardiac muscle cell membrane; no effect on serum potassium or total body potassium, May potentiate digoxin toxicity; calcium chloride can cause phlebitis and tissue necrosis, Regular insulin, 10 units IV followed immediately by 50 mL of 50% glucose (25 g) IV, Shifts potassium into cells; no effect on total body potassium, May cause hypoglycemia; glucose is unnecessary if serum glucose level is > 250 mg per dL (13.9 mmol per L); additive effect when combined with albuterol, Can cause tachycardia and thus should be used with caution in patients with underlying heart disease; potassium-lowering effect not reliable in all patients; additive effect when combined with insulin, Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate), Binds potassium in exchange for sodium; lowers total body potassium, Association with gastrointestinal complications, particularly when combined with sorbitol; should be avoided in patients at risk of abnormal bowel function. Potassium helps in utilizing carbohydrates and protein to produce energy. Excessive sweating. Careful monitoring during treatment is essential because supplemental potassium is a common cause of hyperkalemia in hospitalized patients.21 The risk of rebound hyperkalemia is higher when treating redistributive hypokalemia. More prolonged and profound hypokalemia may cause rhabdomyolysis, renal abnormalities, and cardiac arrhythmias. The most common cause of excessive loss of Potassium is often associated with heavy fluid losses that flush Potassium out of . Potassium helps in utilizing carbohydrates and protein to produce energy. document.getElementById("ak_js_1").setAttribute("value",(new Date()).getTime()); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Obtain ECG and observe signs of dysrhythmias.A potassium imbalance may result in alterations in ECG findings since potassium is essential for both depolarization (contraction) and repolarization (relaxation) of the heart. A detailed medication list is vital as abnormal potassium levels can be caused by certain medications. Medication use is a common cause of hyperkalemia, particularly in patients with baseline renal dysfunction or hypoaldosteronism.27 Medication-induced hyperkalemia is most often a result of the medication interfering with potassium excretion. Cardiac enzymes are normal but his potassium level is 2.8 mmol/L. Wolters Kluwer India Pvt. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs). It is also responsible for keeping the heartbeat regular and promotes the movement of nutrients into and waste out of the cells. When he started to feel heart palpitations and shortness of breath, he decided to come to the hospital. Check for safety hazards in the patients environment.Assess the following environmental factors: 5. Review the patients current medications.Imbalanced potassium and the use of cardiac medications (used to treat dysrhythmias) greatly increase the risk for muscle weakness and potential falls. IV potassium can cause serious extravasation and vein irritation. Harding, M. M., Kwong, J., Roberts, D., Reinisch, C., & Hagler, D. (2020). Low potassium (hypokalemia) refers to a lower than normal potassium level in your bloodstream. 1. She is a clinical instructor for LVN and BSN students and a Emergency Room RN / Critical Care Transport Nurse. Hypokalemia refers to a condition in which the concentration of Potassium in the blood is low. Some blood pressure medications such as angiotensin-converting enzymes inhibitors, beta blockers, and angiotensin-receptor blocker are known to cause hyperkalemia. Various mechanisms promote the exit of potassium from cells or impede its entrance, thereby raising the plasma potassium concentration (redistributive hyperkalemia). Changes in the level of consciousness (lethargy, disorientation, confusion to coma). To accurately measure the input and output of the patient. Potassium supplements are used to treat severe hypokalemia. Insulin and Glucose. Upon assessment, the patient is alert and oriented and follows commands appropriately. The normal serum potassium concentration ranges from 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L. This information is not intended to be nursing education and should not be used as a substitute for professional diagnosis and treatment. Hypokalemia Treatment & Management - Medscape If administering IV, infuse secondarily to a compatible IV solution such as 0.9% normal saline to minimize burning at the IV site. Patients receiving digitalis should be monitored closely for signs of digitalis toxicity because hypokalemia potentiates the action of digitalis. Compromised regulatory mechanism. If experiencing hyperkalemia, limit these foods in the diet. Patients with a serum glucose level of more than 250 mg per dL (13.9 mmol per L) typically do not require coadministration of glucose.

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